Papineau, Louis Joseph

Papineau, Louis Joseph
(1786-1870)
   P Tribune of the people, 1; a melodious speaker, 1-3; compared with Cartier, 2; his parentage, 3-4; services in War of 1812, 5, 33; his house at Montebello, 6; college days, 32; enters Assembly, 1812, and immediately springs to front, 32; succeeds Panet as Speaker, 1815, 33; studies history and constitutional law, 33; his speeches, 34; leadership acknowledged, 34; his opinion of the constitution of 1791, 34-38; insists on budget being voted item by item, 42; sent to England to oppose proposed union of Upper and Lower Canada, 1822, 44-53; attacks Dalhousie in the Assembly, 56; Bibaud on, 56; fight for control of the budget, and removal of political abuses, 56-64; criticized for accepting mission to England, 65-66; revolt against his leadership, 66; friendship for Neilson, 67; difficulties with his followers, 68-69; refuses offer of seat in the Council, 1822, 72; his unsuccessful fight for responsible government, 75; defeats motion for adoption of Goderich's offer, 77; his action defended in Durham's Report, 77; advocates reform of Legislative Council, 79; his Montreal speech, 1834, 79-82; question of patronage, 84; his immoderate attitude, 86; deserted by Neilson and other moderate men, 86; blames government for ravages of cholera, 88-89; Ninety-Two Resolutions, 85-97; becomes an annexationist, 97, 113; stormy scenes in the Legislature, 1835, 99; his outbursts of passion, 100; replies to Gugy's speech in Assembly, 103-106; has Lord Aylmer's remarks about Ninety-Two Resolutions erased from journals of Assembly, 106, 109; bitter attack on Aylmer, 107-108; and Craig, 109; becomes an irreconcilable, 110; conflict with Lord Gosford, 110; criticized by Dr. Henry, 112; accepts invitations to Government House, 112-113; refuses to vote supplies, 115; the eve of the Rebellion, 116; moderate French, with the clergy, break away from his leadership, 116-117; fails to secure support of malcontents in other provinces, 118-119; his seditious speeches, 119-125; influenced by example of American Revolution, 121-122; at the St. Charles meeting, 1837, 125-126; leaves Montreal for St. Hyacinthe, 127; charged with high treason, 128; leaves St. Denis on the eve of the fight, 132; a price put on his head, 137; escapes to the United States, 137-138; extent of his responsibility for Rebellion, 143; denies having advocated violence, 143; his speeches evidence against him, 144; his letters, 144; and the government, 156; the people follow him blindly, indifferent to political rights, 160-161; spends the period of his exile in France, 163; letter to his brother, 164; returns to Canada in 1845, 165; historical studies in Paris, examines Canadian Archives there, 164-165; his pamphlet on the Rebellion, 165; again enters Parliament, 1847-1854, 166; relations with La Fontaine, 167-180; advocates independence, 167; attacks La Fontaine, 170-172; La Fontaine's reply, 172-176; his hatred of all forms of compromise, 177; forms new party, Le parti démocratique, 1849, 178, 187; its leaders, 178; its programme, 178; retires from public life, 180; his letters to Christie, 144, 180, 191, 194; criticism of the Act of 1840, 181-182; his correspondence with his friends, 183; lectures before Canadian Institute, Montreal, 1867, 183, 199; his portrait, 185; his character, 185; his father's influence, 186; merits and defects of his public life, 186-188; his correspondence with W. L. Mackenzie, 189; his home on the Ottawa, 190; his social qualities, 190-191; home life, 192; friendly attitude towards the English, 196; his letters, 197; his death, Sept. 23, 1870, 198; attitude towards the church, 198; opposed to Confederation, 199; his love for his country, 200. BL Born in Montreal, 19; political life, 19, 20; his connection with the Rebellion in Lower Canada, 45, 46, 49; anxious to conciliate clergy, 47; Cuvillier votes against his Ninety-Two Resolutions, 86; his correspondence with Hume and Roebuck, 229; his life in exile, 288; La Fontaine secures his pardon, 288; his return and election for St. Maurice, 288; his lost leadership, 289; attacks La Fontaine and his policy, 289-290; La Fontaine's reply, 290-292; for Radical party, 292; opposes Redistribution Bill, 303; in the Assembly, 312; leads Radical party, 342; opposes La Fontaine, 342, 343; Elgin calls him "Guy Fawkes," 342; attitude on Seigniorial Tenure, 350. E Causes of Rebellion, 17, 75, 76; his dangerous eloquence, 17-18; an agitator rather than a statesman, 20; fights for an elective Council, 21; mistaken attitude, 22; returns from exile, 50, 91; elected to Parliament, 50; his career in Parliament, 50-51; Elgin's antipathy for, 56, 57, 72, 73; contrasted with Mackenzie, 91, 92; controls Legislature of Lower Canada, 97; opposes development of St. Lawrence, 97, 98; forms Parti Rouge, 108, 109; factious opposition to law increasing representation, 117; held responsible by Cartier for amendment to Union Act, 122; his defeat and retirement from public life, 134; aftermath of Rebellion, 190. Bk Elected to the Lower Canada Legislature, 117. C His influence on Cartier, 1, 5; his St. Charles meeting, 3; standing as a statesman, 23; founds Democratic party, 26; advocates reforms, but crosses limits of constitutional agitation, 96. Md Heads Rebellion of 1837, in Lower Canada, 7; Cartier goes to United States with, after defeat of rebels, 266; in struggle against political domination of priesthood, 45. Mc Visited by Mackenzie, 288; addresses meetings, 328; amnestied, 474. See also Rebellion of 1837.
   Bib.: Dent, Can. Por.; Taylor, Brit. Am.; Dict. Nat. Biog.; Christie, History of Lower Canada.

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  • Papineau, Louis Joseph — born Oct. 7, 1786, Montreal, Que. died Sept. 23, 1871, Montebello, Que., Can. Canadian politician. He was elected to the legislative assembly of Lower Canada (now Quebec) in 1808 and became its speaker in 1815. A leader of the French Canadian… …   Universalium

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